A percepção criminológica em Crime e castigo: elementos de integração entre literatura e filosofia em Dostoiévski e Nietzsche

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the work Crime and Punishment (1866), which deeply portrays the period of great sociopolitical reforms in Russia through a polyphonic approach. In the work, the author represents the punishment through the torment suffered by guilt and the (bad) conscience after committing the crime. Thus, the research will also analyze what Friedrich Nietzsche, a reader of Dostoevsky, in his studies on the etymology and genealogy of guilt and punishment, influenced by the Russian, calls bad conscience, as well as the parallel between these ideas and the tragedy Eumenides, of Ésquilo, in which the Erinyes, goddesses that resemble, in their significance, what Nietzsche calls a bad conscience, assume a relevant role in the atonement of guilt. The work seeks to relate the nuances between the previous studies and criminology, bringing the importance of interpretation about the protagonist and the resulting influence on the perception of punishment. The methodology used was the hypothetical-deductive, with a theoretical nature, approaching qualitatively and aiming at the explanation of the content, with the evaluative-formative purpose. Analyzing the aspects of guilt and conscience in Crime and Punishment and its relevance in other times, as well as the representation of the importance given to criminology at the time of the novel, it is noticed the impact that the study about the protagonist's state of conscience has on the verdict.