Sífilis congênita e exposição materna: perfil clínico-epidemiológico e fatores associados em recém-nascidos de um Hospital Universitário

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of newborns diagnosed with congenital syphilis or exposed to maternal syphilis and to analyze its association with sociodemographic variables and aspects of prenatal care. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out at a university hospital between June 2024 and February 2025. The sample included 76 binomials, with data from medical records and notification forms. Sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal information and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. The analysis used the chisquare test, Fisher's exact test and Risk Estimate, with a 95% confidence interval. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairi. Results: 51 puerperal women were mothers of newborns with congenital syphilis and 25 of those exposed to syphilis. Sociodemographic variables were not statistically associated with congenital infection. There was an association between diagnosis of congenital syphilis and absence of maternal treatment (p=0.041), as well as incomplete treatment with penicillin (p=0.009). Reactive neonatal VDRL (p=0.003) and clinical outcome of the newborn (p=0.033) were significant. Conclusion: The study described full-term newborns with adequate weight and good vitality, despite adverse outcomes. It identified weaknesses in prenatal care, maternal treatment and partner approach, reinforcing the need to strengthen actions to prevent vertical transmission of syphilis.