Análise dos fatores de risco do diagnóstico de enfermagem risco de infecção em pacientes com câncer hospitalizados

Abstract

The infections regarding health care represents a serious problematic of global health. Especially when it involves patients with cancer that are hospitalized, they have factors pertaining the disease, treatment and hospitalization that boosts the development of these events. Therefore, the purpose was to analyze the risk factors of the Nursing’s infection risk diagnostic on patients with cancer that are hospitalized and with an infection related to health care and according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis-International. It is about a documentary and quantitative study developed inside a hospital that is reference on the field of oncology for patients of the Single Health System (SUS) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The handbooks of patients with age equal or above 18 years, of both gender, between the years of 2013 and 2014, which had showed infection associated with the health care during their hospitalization period were analyzed. Sample was composed with 105 handbooks. The data gathering happened between November of 2015, to April of 2016, using an instrument composed by sociodemographic and health variables and the risk factors for infection. Sample exploratory analysis were made using frequency distributions and descriptive measures. The differences between the proportions were verified upon the applications of the Chi – Square test and Fisher’s Exact test and the Multiple regression was evaluated using Student’s T test, all of them with significance level of 5% (p value ≤ 0,05). The study was approved on the committees of Ethics in Research of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and the Norte Riograndense League against cancer, nº of CAAE 48374815.3.3001.5293. Regarding the sample’s characterization, it was verified a majority of adults (54.3%), with average age of 58.9 (±14.7), female (57.1%), with a companion (51.4%), that used to work (34.3%), coming from the state’s countryside (59.0%). Regarding clinical characterization, 64.8% of the patients were hospitalized by a surgical clinic. The most reported clinical manifestations on the handbooks were fever (43.8%), pain (33.3%) and constipation (26.7%). Referring the risk factors of the Nursing’s infection risk diagnostic, the most prevailing were, respectively, invasive procedure (100.0%), disrupted skin (93.3%) and inadequate peristalsis (63.8%). One observes a statistically significant association between risk factors, disrupted skin, a patient’s surgical characteristic, and the presence of free hemoglobin on the blood on patients with a non – surgical condition, with p-value ≤ 0.05. Furthermore, the hospitalization’s time evaluation and the patient being a woman was significant, belonging to a non – surgical clinic and that made a previous surgery.