Investigação de risco para o desenvolvimento de Diabetes Mellitus em usuários da Atenção Primária de um município do interior do Nordeste

Abstract

Introduction: The relevance of chronic non-communicable diseases has increased substantially in recent decades, since they constitute the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing excessive expenditure for the health system and society. In this context, Diabetes Mellitus stands out, characterized as an endocrine disease that encompasses different metabolic dysfunctions, with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus being the most frequent form, constituting a significant challenge for public health. Objective: To actively search for individuals at high risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by screening users of Basic Health Units in a city in the interior of the Northeast. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, quantitative study, whose sample was selected based on a previous sample calculation and considered resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council. Questionnaires regarding sociodemographic conditions, risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score - FINDRISC - 2001) and level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ) were applied to the participants, followed by anthropometric measurements. The statistical analysis program GraphPad Prism 6 was used with a significance level of 95%. To assess data normality, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean, standard deviation, absolute and relative frequency. For inferential analysis, the Student's t-test, Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were used. Results: The sample consisted of 61 volunteers, predominantly female (80.3%), with high school as the most common level of education. Regarding the risk of developing DM2, a slightly high risk predominated. In this study, a large number of individuals were obese, sedentary, and had a family history of DM2, and these factors are related to an increased risk of DM2. In addition, the CVR found in most participants was high, with a statistically significant correlation with the risk of DM2. Conclusion: This study observed that 47.5% of the volunteers in the sample were at moderate to high risk of developing DM2 in the next 10 years. For men, the age group of 30 to 39 years had the highest percentage of volunteers at high risk, and for women, the age group was 50 to 59years.