Associação entre estado nutricional materno e prescrição de fórmulas lácteas para neonatos em um hospital amigo da criança

Abstract

Breast milk is the first food that the newborn has contact with, being of paramount importance in the development process of this child, as it benefits them in psychological, immunological and nutritional aspects, however, some newborns are unable to receive breast milk, receives milk formula. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal nutritional status and the prescription of breast milk substitutes in a baby-friendly hospital. Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed in the shared accommodation of the Ana Bezerra University Hospital (HUAB), located in the city of Santa Cruz, municipality of Rio Grande do Norte-RN. Couples who went through some complications, those who for some reason were unable to stay together in the rooming-in together, and postpartum adolescents (<18 years old) were excluded from the research. Data were found regarding the indication of breast milk substitutes, and anthropometric data (prepregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy) and obstetric data (maternal age, maternal comorbidities, type of delivery, sex of newborns). Among the participants, 42.9% (n=27) had some type of comorbidity (type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-specific hypertensive disease, systemic arterial hypertension, among others). The majority of participants presented nutritional inadequacy in the pre-pregnancy period, with 22.2% (n=14) being overweight, 36.5% (n=23) being obese and 4.8% (n=3) being underweight. During pregnancy, 47.6% (n=30) had excessive weight gain and 25.4% (n=16) had insufficient weight gain. In the present research, there were no statistically significant associations between nutritional status and the prescription of milk formulas for newborns, however, studies show that pre-pregnancy weight deviations are associated with less effective breastfeeding.