Indicadores epidemiológicos e fatores de risco de infecções que acometem pacientes críticos da UTI-A de um hospital universitário

Abstract

Introduction – The high complexity of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units promotes greater exposure of these individuals to the risk of infections, as they are dependent on intensive life support, undergoing various invasive procedures, use of immunosuppressants, antibiotics and often exposed to environments potentially contaminated by multiresistant microorganisms. Objective – Know the epidemiological indicators of infections in patients in an adult intensive care unit (ICU -A) Methodology – Observational, descriptive and retrospective study that was collectes in November 2022, at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, incluing patients aged 18 years or older. The indicators used were the rates: overall infection, by side of infection, by site of infection and by procedure, and by procedure, and risk factors, which werw calculated using an Excel spreadsheet. Results and Discussion – From the data collected, the epidemiological profile defined according to sex was obtained, showing a prevalence og 58,6% of the male gender, average hospitalization time os 35 days, of comorbities, with systemic arterial hupertension (SAH) being the one that was more repeated among the patients analyzed (81,33%), the procedures performed and the suggestive relationship between them and the infectious sites found. Demonstrating, therefore, an insinuanting link between invasive processes, such as central catheter puncture and the involvement of bloodstream infections. This fact may be associated with the critical needs of intensive care patients being linked to invasive accesses as an important need in clinical management, the which allows for an increase in the number of entry points for micoorganisms, possibly resulting in systemic blood infections. Final Thoughts – The study traces the epidemiological profile pf ICU-A and thus shows the existence of risk factors such as age, length of stay, presence of comorbidities, invasive procedures, associated whit the development of infections in the unit. Thus, the date support the creation of clinical management protocols based on scientific evidence.