Avaliação do IDEB: um estudo do processo avaliativo da segunda etapa do ensino fundamental no Brasil nos anos de 2013 a 2017

Abstract

The research focuses on the study of the evaluation process of the second stage of Elementary Education in Brazil (corresponding to the 6th to 9th grade, in the period of years 2013, 2015 and 2017). The years referenced has shown a decrease in the Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica-IDEB averages in the final years of Elementary School in most States and in the Federal District, while in the initial years it is observed that the averages remain in growth, which raises the following question: which factors contributed to the results of the second stage of Elementary School (6th to 9th grade) being below the projected averages between the years of 2013 to 2017? Thus, it becomes a general objective to analyze the factors that contributed to IDEB averages decreased amongst the editions. Establishing as specifical goals, make data collections, analyze historical and institutional process that led to IDEB creation as an educational quality index; check the data obtained in IDEB in its most critical editions, that is, in the years of 2013, 2015 and 2017, verifying if had government institutional influence in this process. As methodology, the research uses the qualitative model, Process Tracing, that allows to develop and test hypothesis from the identification and analysis of evidence, with the technique of Causal Mechanisms, to identify reasons related to the results of elementary school second stage evaluations. The work is structured in three chapters, in addition to the introduction. The first chapter presents a brief history of the evaluation process in Brazil, mainly from 1990 onwards, from the improvement of estimates until the creation of IDEB 2007; the second chapter discusses the Prova Brasil, its main laws and its application process and the differences between Prova Brasil and PISA. The third chapter brings the analysis of IDEB of the states and the educational projects and programs carried out by governmental institutions and, the verification of the research hypothesis, from the technique of Causal Mechanisms, in addition to the final considerations.