Insegurança alimentar e nutricional em comunidades quilombolas: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

Quilombola communities promote the preservation of the country's memory, culture and history, respecting the principle of sustainability with cultivation practices and preservation of natural resources, seeking the survival of future generations. The food insecurity (FI) situation in traditional communities was already above the Brazilian average and worsened with the pandemic. In view of this, the present work constituted a narrative review with a descriptive objective of a qualitative nature, with the aim of investigating AI in quilombola communities through the analysis of articles published in databases in the period from 2003 to 2023, in order to to identify and reflect advances, improvements and setbacks that were seen during this period. After searching and selecting by inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles were selected, which were published in the last 13 years. The regions with the highest number of works were the North and Northeast with 2 and 5 publications, respectively, with Tocantins being the state with the most publications (N=2). The Central-West and Southeast regions had only 1 publication each. The food insecurity situation was investigated using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) in a total audience of 1,971 quilombola families who participated in the studies included in the review. The North and Northeast had the highest percentage of food insecurity in quilombola communities, reaching 95.4% and 85.1%, respectively. It is concluded that in the last 20 years there have been few studies on the subject, a higher prevalence of FI was observed associated with families that receive some type of income transfer benefit, with a female head of the family, in addition to there being a higher percentage of food insecurity in quilombola communities located in the North and Northeast.