Tendência da Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil no Brasil, de 2000 a 2019

Abstract

The infant mortality rate is a public health indicator of great relevance since it deals with early deaths and which, in most cases, occur due to preventable causes. The present study aimed to analyze infant mortality in Brazil. This is an ecological, time-series study of the infant mortality rate, which used the Brazilian territory and its federative units as a sampling unit, from 2000 to 2019. The data used were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The tendency of the infant mortality rate was performed using the Joinpoint statistical program, adopting a Confidence Interval of 95% and a Significance level of 5%. The causes present in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems were included in the study. During the study period, the infant mortality rate in Brazil showed a statistically significant downward trend. However, the first period, between 2000 and 2011, was responsible for the greatest decline (APC = -3.93; CI: -4.2; -3.6). Regarding the causes of infant mortality, the groups Some conditions originating in the perinatal period, and Congenital malformations, deformities and chromosomal anomalies accounted for the highest values of infant deaths. The study revealed that the effort exerted to reduce the values of this indicator in Brazil had positive results, but despite the advances, an important effort is still necessary on some determinants of infant mortality.