Serviços ecossistêmicos em manguezal: identificação e mapeamento dos serviços de provisão no manguezal do rio Tijupá, Ilha do Maranhão - MA, Brasil

Abstract

Ecosystem Services (ES) are characterized as tangible and intangible goods for ecosystems, directly or indirectly dependent on the pursuit of human well-being. Within this approach, it is understood that the diversity of abiotic and biotic elements in the terrestrial surface provides the occurrence of important areas of ecological and social interest and providing important services, such as mangroves. In this research, the Tijupá river mangrove is one of the most extensive areas of this ecosystem located in the southeast portion of the Maranhão Island. The general objective of this study was to analyze the ES provided by the mangrove of Tijupá river from the identification of the ecosystem services provided by mangrove users. For this, compartmentalization of the area's mangrove into geoenvironmental units (apicum, mangrove forest, washing and tidal channels) and the geoenvironmental characterization of the respective units were carried out. Subsequently, the identification and classification of the Ecosystem Services of provision based on the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) and the mapping of the ES of provision by geo-environmental unit were carried out. The Tijupá river mangrove covers about 840 ha, most of this ecosystem represented by mangrove forest (708.9 ha) and washing (98.5 ha). The provision services identified in the area correspond to: fishing (eg catfish, mullet, siri), beekeeping (eg honey, propolis), wood converted into materials (eg fences, rafters), the use of fauna for fishing - bait (eg turu, tamaru, tide), wood converted into energy (eg coal), with the potential ES being consumed by the communities in the area. Potentially service-oriented geoenvironmental units were the mangrove forest and tidal channels, where the forest stood out in the provision of materials and channels, in the provision of nutritional resources. Most of the services were indicated on the western margin of the mangrove swamp, where there is greater concentration of communities (eg, Coquilho, Mato Grosso, Tajipuru and Caracueira) and land access routes. The analysis of these data provides support for mangrove management and the ways of using the mangrove resources. This information is relevant for integrating mapping, since data on the distribution, intensity, and demand for services are important in identifying the most vulnerable areas of human intervention and losses and gains in ES provision. There is a need for further studies on the Tijupá river mangrove and other mangrove areas of the Island of Maranhão, fundamental for deepening knowledge about the dynamics of these ecosystems and the supply of ES (provision, regulation / maintenance and cultural), as well as for systematization data on the Ecosystem Services of the Mangroves of the Island of Maranhão.