Fatores socioculturais associados a comportamentos não saudáveis para a perda de peso em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

In the current epidemiological scenario, overweight and obesity present high prevalence in adolescents, being characterized as a serious problem of global public health. These overweight and obese adolescents present a greater tendency to develop body dissatisfaction generated by the comparison of their image with the standards of beauty and sociocultural normalization, of thinness, reproduced, through pressures, in the sociocultural contexts familiar, mediatic and with the peers, that value the cult of the body. Thus, adolescents with overweight and obesity who are opposed to lean body normality may resort to unhealthy weight loss behaviors (UWLB). In this context, the present integrative review aims to identify sociocultural factors that influence the practice of UBWL in adolescents with overweight and obesity. The virtual search was performed in the ADOLEC, LILACS, Pubmed and Scopus databases of original articles published up to September 2017 in the Spanish, English and / or Portuguese languages, which analyzed the association between sociocultural factors and UWLB in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years with overweight and / or obesity. Six articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The influence of media, family and peers was positively associated with the development of UWLB. It is observed the need for policies, programs and public actions for weight loss in adolescents in an intersectoral and multidisciplinary approach, considering the sociocultural factors involved in both the genesis of overweight and obesity and the UBWL.