Morar nas areias, morar na cidade: o lugar da habitação no processo de urbanização de Fortaleza (1850-1945)

Abstract

This work aims to contribute with new possibilities for interpreting the urbanization process of Fortaleza, favoring a perspective centered on housing and its particularities in the local context. The origins of the housing issue are thus investigated in the context of the capitalist modernization of the urban space of the capital of Ceará, conducting a historical analysis of the space occupied by the various forms of housing that emerged throughout the urbanization process of Fortaleza. Thus, the historicity of the territorial constitution of Fortaleza's urban space is analyzed based on the theoretical framework of the dual movements identified by Henri Lefebvre in the production of space: appropriation-domination, urbanization-industrialization and explosion- implosion. The temporal scope of the study begins with the approval of the Land Law in 1850 and extends until the end of the Estado Novo era in 1945. This timeframe allows for a comprehensive historical analysis, encompassing the early stages of land commodification to the initial public policies for housing production in Brazil. Regarding the spatial scope, the research focuses on the intraurban space of Fortaleza, with a particular focus on popular territories and the surrounding areas of the central area of the city. The methodology includes four stages: bibliographic research, documentary research, cartographic production and field research. Consequently, this study develops a historical and cultural perspective of the city that includes the popular territories established within the recesses of the dominant urbanization process. It also takes into account the historical forms of housing that resist in the contemporary urban landscape of Fortaleza, consolidating as what Milton Santos conceptualizes as roughness.