Análise de conteúdo de geociências no livro didático: as dunas como abordagem temática regional para o Ensino Fundamental I

Abstract

Even though geology is not a compulsory subject in the Brazilian Basic Education curriculum, the contents of geosciences are distributed in existing disciplines, especially in Science and Geography. The researches that aim at studying the contents of geosciences in Brazilian Basic Education cover mainly Elementary School II and High School. However, studies indicate that even in Elementary School I these contents are present, although often not recognized as geoscientific, which favors the use of superficial information and detached from students' daily life. Brazilian Basic Education is governed by a series of normative documents. The most recent of these is the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). Both the BNCC, and the legal documents that precede it, establish that the contents must be complemented, on a local and regional scale, in order to contemplate the diversities and particularities of the universe of the students. The object of study of this research are the contents of geosciences present in the textbooks of the disciplines of Science and Geography adopted in Elementary School I by the municipal schools of Natal, for the quadrennium 2019-2022. The objective is to identify, quantify and elucidate the contents of geosciences present in this teaching cycle and propose a theme from which it is possible to study geosciences in an integrated manner, considering the local context. To quantify these contents, a counting methodology is described using ¼ page increments. The quantification of the contents was made considering the Thematic Units proposed by the National Common Curricular Base, as well as the spaces for the Student Book and the Teaching Guidelines in the Teacher's Manual. The results show that the contents of geosciences are present mainly in the science discipline; 18.13% of the contents of the science textbook were identified as contents of geosciences, being the the most representative studies related to the universe. The discipline of geography presented a total of 14.75%, mainly covering the study of the natural landscape. The joint analysis of the disciplines of science and geography shows that 16.44% of the contents addressed in them are from geosciences. In general, it is from the 3rd year onwards that the contents of geosciences are most expressive; in sciences they focus mainly on the 3rd grade book and, in geography, in the 4th grade book. The effort to propose a central theme for the study of geosciences from the local context of the city of Natal / RN culminated in the suggestion of the landscape, one of the emerging categories of the geography discipline, as possible articulation with other geoscientific contents. In the context of the coastal city of Natal, the study of the dune landscape is indicated as an integrative possibility of geoscience contents.