Terminal marítimo Aratuá: projeto arquitetônico resiliente para a península de Galinhos/RN

Abstract

The growth of extreme climatic events has shown a necessity to make a more resilient and adaptable built environment for the climatic changes. Rising sea levels and flooding, for example, are challegings that require resilient construction solutions in response to those transformations. In the context of susceptible regions of these events, the study universe is located in the municipal seat of Galinhos, located in a peninsula in the north coast of Rio Grande do Norte, whose altitude is 5 meters above sea level and is mainly accessed by waterway, making boats the main form of transportation in the region. Despite the importance of river transportation, there’s no adequate infrastructure to welcome its inhabitants and visitors when they need to use this mode of transport. The general aim of this work is to draw up an architectural plan for a maritime passenger terminal for the Galinhos peninsula, focusing on resilience in the built environment. The specific objectives are (i) to identify the concepts, attributes and strategies associated with resilience in the built environment; (ii) identify characteristics and architectural needs of a maritime passenger terminal; and (iii) to apply strategies of resilience in the built environment to the proposal for a maritime passenger terminal as a response to climate change in the context of the north coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology used for the theoretical research is based on a literature review and subsequent systematization of this information by means of summaries, tables and reference studies. To the design application, the work develops architectural programming (Peña e Parshall, 2001) and explores the relationships between environments (White, 1986). The flow of people was also mapped through an informal conversation with the representative of Galinhos boatmen’s association and with the supervisor responsible for the municipality’s waterway sector. As a result, the work reached preliminary draft level, with a flexible program that seeks to reconcile the seasonality of maritime transport in the municipality and the imminence of extreme future events by means of a collapsible wooden structure and an area surrounding the building that seeks to maintain the local landscape balance.