Análise arquegenealógica da Casa de Saúde Santa Teresa: abertura, manutenção e fechamento de um hospital psiquiátrico

Abstract

The history of madness in Brazil is indissociable from the history of psychiatric hospitals, since the organization of cities and their hygiene, based on the French mold of the nineteenth century, depended on these institutions for the maintenance of social order. The internment houses had the principle of instituting an organization to the nascent capitalist and bourgeois society, giving shelter to madmen, beggars, prostitutes and all those who put at risk the ongoing development project, also attending to the charitable ideal, one of the pillars of society of the time. The Cariri region of Ceará counted on the existence of a psychiatric hospital, the Casa de Saúde Santa Teresa, which operated from the 1970s until the year 2016. Its inauguration was not a randomness, but the fruit of specific discursive formations and relations of knowledge and power that constituted the foundation for the hospital to open its doors in the region, and to stay in operation until the year 2016. The objective of this work is to construct an archegenealogical analysis of the history of the Casa de Saúde Santa Teresa. In order to do so, it is proposed to work with analysis of newspapers, magazines and photographs illustrative of the institution, which make it possible to preserve the memory of a time and people, but especially the recognition of the sustaining forces of this institution. In addition to two important journalistic publications of Cariri Cearense (A Ação newspaper and Itaytera magazine - from 1963 to 1990), the newspapers O povo, Diário do Nordeste and Jornal do Cariri (1990 to 2016) were consulted. The images were divided into three blocks of time, namely: 1900 to 1970, when the hospital opened; 1970-1990, years of well-functioning Health House and 1990-2016, period of tensions and closure of the hospital. In these same documentary sources, data were sought for the economic, political and cultural contextualization of the municipality of Crato, in order to articulate the history and discourses about the hospital with the political and cultural productions. The result is an archegeneal analysis of the history of a psychiatric hospital located in the south of Ceará, told through news articles, magazines and illustrative photographs, pointing out the knowledge and power relations of psychiatric asylum logic as a mechanism of exclusion, as well as allowing analysis Of the deconstruction of the hospital-centered model in Brazil as a result of the Psychiatric Reform movement.