Caracterização de reações adversas a medicamentos em terapia intensiva neonatal e fatores clínicos associados

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity represents one of the major causes of hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and this situation favors the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Objective: The study aims to characterize the ADR profile in neonates, the main drugs involved and their associated risk factors. Methodology: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universitary Hospital Onofre Lopes. This is an observational and prospective study carried out between January 2019 and April 2021 in a reference school maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancy located in the city of Natal / Brazil. The study population consisted of 600 patients admitted to the NICU for a period longer than 24 hours and using at least one medication. Risk factors for the occurrence of ADR were investigated using a multivariate model. Results: Of the 600 patients analyzed in the study, about 19.7% had at least one adverse drug reaction, with a higher prevalence of reactions such as tachycardia caused by caffeine and dobutamine, hyperthermia caused by alprostadil and hypokalemia caused by furosemide. The main risk factors associated with the occurrence of suspected ADRs were mothers with diabetes during pregnancy, lower gestational age, lower birth weight, longer hospital stays and a large number of prescribed medications. Conclusion: Adverse reactions are common in neonates admitted to the NICU, with the main factors associated with the large number of drugs prescribed and the length of hospitalization.