O perfil epidemiológico da sífilis congênita no município de Natal/RN através dos anos de 2023 a 2024: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Congenital syphilis is a complication of untreated gestational syphilis, resulting from vertical transmission of the bacterium Treponema pallidum to the fetus. According to the data obtained, Natal showed a significant reduction in the number of cases and incidence of congenital syphilis between the years 2020 and 2024. However, when compared to neighboring capitals, Fortaleza and João Pessoa, the incidence rate in the capital of Rio Grande do Norte was higher, at 13.1%. Furthermore, Natal surpassed the national average of 9.9 cases per 1,000 live births in 2023. The objective of this work is to observe the evolution of conginital syphilis in Natal/RN. Despite the increase in the number of diagnoses, the majority of these diagnoses still occur in the third trimester of pregnancy, highlighting weaknesses in diagnosis and prevention prevention campaigns. The western and southern health zones of Natal had the highest case and incidence rates, with emphasis on the Guarapes neighborhood, which recorded high rates of congenital syphilis. In relation to mortality, a downward trend was observed, with a 40% reduction compared to the year 2023. The methodology used was narrative review. It is concluded that, despite the advances recorded, there are still significant challenges to be faced by the health authorities of Natal. It is essential to strengthen early diagnosis strategies, especially in peripheral areas, to prevent new cases of congenital syphilis and improve maternal and child health indicators in the city