Uso e ocupação e qualidade do solo na zona ripária da Lagoa do Bonfim no Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

The anthropic activities development in the riparian zone compromise this area ecological functionality and cause a soil quality decrease, what may contribute to water quality to be reduced. The present work seeks to analyze the soil physical and chemical attributes in Lagoa do Bonfim/RN riparian zone, and to evaluate the land use land cover, in order to identify the environmental degradation processes due to anthropogenic occupation. To the information gathering were collected soil samples of four usage classes in Lagoa do Bonfim riparian zone: urban, agriculture, exposed ground and livestock. The following physical attributes were analyzed: granulometry, textural classification, soil density, particle density and total porosity. The analyzed chemical attributes were: water pH, electric conductivity, organic carbon, organic matter and available phosphorus percentage. An Sentinel 2A image were used to determinate the usage classes distribution through geoprocessing techniques. The evaluation of the obtained data were made through descriptive analysis and principal component analysis. The anthropic usage classes are associated to soil compaction and porosity decrease, erosion, nutrients concentration increase and salt enrichment. Also were verified that the anthropic usage classes occupy most of the area riparian zone. The physical and chemical selected attributes proved to be efficient to demonstrate the environmental degradation on the water supply source surroundings.