Tempo de transição alimentar entre recém-nascidos prematuros com e sem displasia broncopulmonar

Abstract

Purpose: To verify the relationship between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and gestational age, birth weight, food transition time and the form of feeding after hospital discharge. Method: Observational, longitudinal and prospective study. Data were collected from the medical records of 78 newborns, in a reference maternity hospital, regarding gestational age, birth weight, presence or absence of a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in addition to the time of food transition from the nasogastric/orogastric tube to the mother's breast. and the form of feeding at hospital discharge (breast, complement and bottle). The sample was stratified into two groups according to the presence of the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), being a group of preterm newborns (PTNB) with BPD and the other without BPD. For statistical analysis, Student's t test and Pearson's chi-square were used, considering p <0.05. Results: Preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had a mean of 18.03 (± 5.5) days of transition from food to oral feeding, while newborns without bronchopulmonary dysplasia had a mean of 9.96 (± 5.8) days. The group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had a longer food transition time than the group without BPD (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is essential to increase the time of transition from orogastric tube feeding to the full oral route. At hospital discharge, the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed the lowest rate of exclusive breastfeeding, using the bottle and/or supplement.