Avaliação de reações adversas de pacientes em uso de carboplatina e cisplatina

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of adverse reactions in patients using platinum-based chemotherapy agents, namely cisplatin and carboplatin, by identifying the type and grade of their reactions. METHODOLOGY: This is an observational, descriptive, and prospective study conducted through pharmaceutical anamnesis based on the Dader method and a quantitative approach on patients with malignant neoplasms undergoing therapeutic protocols with platinum derivatives (cisplatin and carboplatin) between May 2018 and March 2020. The inclusion criteria for patients in the study were the presence of adverse reaction information and hematological parameters. The exclusion criteria were patients who passed away before data collection and/or those who requested to withdraw from the study due to personal reasons, as well as patients who experienced relapse before six months and had a performance status above 3. The research has been approved by two ethics committees, under registration numbers CAAE 84705318.6.0000.5292 and CAAE 84705318.6.3001.5293. RESULTS: The group of patients using cisplatin had n = 53, and the group of patients using carboplatin had n = 60. Both groups presented hematological reactions such as hemoglobinemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, ranging from grades 1 to 3. They were primarily affected by adverse drug reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and anorexia. CONCLUSION: By analyzing the data from the patients, their interpretations, and discussions, it can be concluded that the most frequent adverse reactions in the group of patients who participated in this study were anemia, vomiting, and nausea during the treatment cycles for both medications.