Sinais e sintomas de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados: revisão integrativa

Abstract

In aging, changes in stomatognathic structures and functions that are not compensated and added to health problems that impair swallowing and food adequacy can cause dysphagia in the elderly. This condition can be enhanced if the individual resides in a long-term institution, due to a series of factors, in which the signs and symptoms can be neglected and have significant impacts on their quality of life. The objective is to identify the signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia in institutionalized elderly. An integrative review was carried out and the research was carried out in four Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed / MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with no publication time restrictions. The analysis of publications was carried out in stages and using eligibility criteria. Of 389 studies, 57 were eligible to read the full text and sixteen were included in this review, published between 1986 and 2020. There was a predominance of elderly female participants with a mean age between 71 and 87 years. The most frequent signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia were coughing and choking. Among other frequent mentioned, are: decreased tongue pressure, wet voice, weight loss and slow swallowing.