Concepção arquitetônica e sustentabilidade ambiental: proposta de um edifício educacional técnico profissionalizante para Parelhas/RN

Abstract

In order to understand how sustainability influences the design process, the present research aims the development of an architectural project for an environmentally sustainable educational building, supported by sustainable guidelines drawn by LEED certification for Schools. With this goal, this certification was analyzed through their criteria, objectives and strategies and buildings certified by LEED were studied. Thereafter, sustainable guidelines able to influence the architectural design were identified. In order to show their influence on architectural practice, these guidelines were associated with aspects of planning and eight groups of aspects were defined (program requirements, implantation, volumetric study and spatial relationships, within x outside relationship, specification of materials, equipment specification, rational use of water and energy, and landscaping). With these results, the development of the architectural project for an educational building in the city of Parelhas/RN was initiated, considering, beyond sustainable guidelines, environmental, legal and functional limitations and concepts for the design. At the end of the research, it was possible to confirm that architect has a fundamental role in the definition of sustainable building, because there is an influence of sustainability criteria in architectural design. However, the concern to design comfortable and energy efficient building is prior to the discussions on sustainability in architecture. The study of LEED for Schools certification allowed realizing that the innovation introduced by the pursuit of sustainability in architecture is the adequacy of the building to its social and economic context, looking for strengths and weaknesses of the region as well as in measures to reduce the consumption of drinking water and to increase life of the building. The architectural proposal developed showed that the more detailed analysis of the place, more properly sustainable guidelines will be incorporated into the building design, avoiding the use of sustainability as an accessory to be placed on the same.