Prevalência e fatores associados aos exames de detecção precoce para câncer de próstata e câncer de mama na população brasileira

Abstract

Screening for the early detection of cancer, a challenge to global public health, has advantages and disadvantages in its realization, and its practices, both in the public service and in the private health sector, should be guided by scientific evidence in an attempt to ensure advantages over possible damage and harnesses. The present study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with digital rectal examination (DRE) in Brazilian men over 40 years old, and mammographies in the female population aged 18-39 years. We used the National Health Survey (NHS) database, Brazil, 2013. For statistical tabulation and analysis, Stata® 14 software was used to verify the Prevalence Ratios with their 95% Confidence Intervals and p values through multivariate analysis with Poisson regression. The users of private health plans (63.3%, CI = 60.5-66.0) had a higher prevalence in the implementation of EDR than in the public health system (41.6%, CI = 39.8% 43.4). The results showed a positive association for DRE in men with private plans aged 60-69 who live with spouses, who never smoked, and domiciled in urban areas. For men who use the public health service, this positive association with DRE occurred in the age group of 70-79 years, living with spouses who have poor / very poor selfperception, who do not drink, former smokers, with university level, who have 4 or more comorbidities, and domiciled in urban areas. Also for this group there was a negative association of the RDS for men living in the northern region of the country. The results for mammography in the female population showed that the prevalence of the test was 11.6% (95% CI -10.7-12.5), with a higher prevalence for the 30-39 age group (18.6%). After multivariate analysis, a statistically significant positive association was observed for women with private health plans, from the South and Southeast regions, with higher schooling, and with the cervical cytopathology exam. Women aged 18-39 years, at low risk of breast cancer, are undergoing mammograms and there is an association with increased access to medical care and services.The findings point to differences in the modes of action of the current medical practice in the two types of health service in the country, and structural differences that condition access to these diagnostic exams.