Prevalência de desordens orais potencialmente malignas e fatores associados em trabalhadores rurais da região do Seridó do Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are tissue alterations exhibiting more likely to develop into oral cancer (OC), the main ones being: leukoplakia, erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis. In this descriptive study, exploratory, quantitative type of sectional aimed to estimate the prevalence of OPMD and possible associations with sociodemographic factors, occupational and general health. A pilot study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of LOPM in the study area. With additional information from each union of rural workers, especially as the number of union members, we calculated the sample size for each union and a stratified random sampling was used. A previously validated questionnaire and an employee medical records in case history and clinical examination of the assisted workers was used. Oral and perioral clinical tests were performed to identify suspicious and malignant lesions in the target population. Of 1,385 workers surveyed, 53.2% were female and 48.8% male, mean age 53 years; 57% of them have not studied or attended to the primary; 73.2% had monthly family income of about $ 300. Most exhibited light skin (49.2%). The prevalence of OPMD was equal to 29.6% (27.2; 32.0). The results of the bivariate analysis indicated a significant association between the variable presence of lesions and the independent variables: gender, age, education, ethnicity, accumulated exposure to sunlight, protection of use, the condition of former smokers and consumers alcoholic beverages. All of these variables showed statistical significance entered the multiple logtistic model through backward-stepwise method revealed only three (3) variables that remained with significance, regardless of the other variables: gender, skin color and time of prolonged exposure to the rays solar. The results of this research reinforce the presence of these lesions are associated with certain factors such as occupational factors and socioeconomic factors.