O método Jigsaw no Ensino de Estereoisômeros: aplicação de uma sequência didática para o desenvolvimento de habilidades visuoespaciais e sociais em aulas de Química

Abstract

Currently, it is necessary in the school environment, the implementation of strategies that facilitate the development of social skills. Cooperative learning in its Jigsaw method is an active methodology based on the collective and active participation of students, generally applied to small groups, in order to enable cognitive development, through the exchange of information, and cooperative social skills. In this sense, a didactic-pedagogical sequence was developed using the Jigsaw method, in a 3rd year high school class of a public school on the outskirts of Fortaleza-CE, in order to favor the visuospatial development of molecules in the study of stereoisomers, concomitantly with the development of social skills. Among them, communication, empathy and conflict resolution. As theoretical references, we used research results on cooperative learning and application of the Jigsaw method, some assumptions of Vygotsky's socio-interactionist theory and the difficulties in teaching stereoisomers. To collect qualitative data from the research, the following were applied: observation protocol, video recording, face-to-face and virtual activities and evaluative questionnaires. The methodological path was developed in four stages: the first was the virtual activity on cooperative learning and jigsaw method; the second consisted of the application of the Jigsaw method and the construction of molecular models; the third referred to the application of an evaluative questionnaire and collective pedagogical evaluation; the latter concerns the application of the individual pedagogical evaluation and group processing questionnaires and evaluation of the Likert scale method. With the application of the Jigsaw method it was noticed that the students worked collectively, in solidarity, collaborative and active, interacting and sharing their ideas, developing social and visuospatial skills from the construction of molecular models, contributing significantly to the teaching and learning process. The results, obtained through questionnaires, revealed that the Jigsaw method facilitates students' learning and activities, favoring the active participation of students. The educational product was elaborated, in the form of a booklet, to be used by elementary school teachers.