Ensino de literatura: análise da obra o cortiço sob a perspectiva da estética da recepção aplicada aos alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

When we think of the experience of reading, the literary work would be the artifact that is offered to the consciousness of a reader, the literary text shouldn't be a reality independent of that consciousness, which feels and perceives the meanings in a particular, continuous, imposed by other people's delimitations. The literary work needs its reader to traverse different epochs and contexts and exist, in fact. To make the author lose the sensory unity and allow the text the freedom necessary to detach itself from the structuralist and formalist precepts which - because they attributed exclusively to their own textuality the interpretative responsibility of a work, didn't privilege the reader in this relation - is the presupposition Raised by the aesthetics of the reception, contemporary current of the theory of literature, chosen to guide this proposal of intervention. The proposal of this dissertation is centered in using the reception aesthetics, applied through a didactic sequence idealized by Cosson (2009) next to a class of the 9th year of elementary education in a school in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. We aim to value the active role of the student / reader in the analysis and interpretation of a fundamental work of Brazilian literature that is O Cortiço, by Aluísio Azevedo. It is an action research, with the approach of qualitative data proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (1991). The theoretical basis is based on the application of concepts of great predecessors and students of receptive theory such as Barthes (1968), Jauss (1994), Iser (1999), as well as theorists who help us in the new ways of understanding the text Literary, such as Zilberman (1989), Candido (2000), Cosson (2009), Oliveira (2009), Zappone (2009), among others. At the end of our intervention, we observed that the students acquired appreciation for the work they read, drew their own impressions on it, and sought new sources to exercise a conscious reading, as well as seeing their own importance in constructing meanings, free from judgments, not just in O cortiço, but also in readings to come.