Oferta proteica para indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca: uma revisão narrativa da literatura

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently to meet the body's metabolic needs. The hypercatabolic state observed in this condition can lead to muscle mass loss, decreased functional capacity, and increased mortality. Adequate nutrition, particularly protein intake, has been identified as a key strategy to mitigate these effects. This study aimed to analyze protein intake recommendations for HF patients, considering different associated clinical conditions such as obesity, sarcopenia, malnutrition, cachexia, and cardiorenal syndrome. The literature review showed that protein intake recommendations range from 1.1 to 1.8 g/kg/day, with normoproteic to hyperproteic diets being associated with improved muscle mass, functional capacity, and reduced clinical complications. In obesity, a minimum intake of 1.2 g/kg/day can help preserve lean mass and optimize energy metabolism. For sarcopenic patients, a protein intake between 1.2 and 1.5 g/kg/day is recommended to slow muscle loss progression and improve functionality. In cases of malnutrition and cachexia, a protein intake between 1.5 and 1.8 g/kg/day has been shown to minimize muscle degradation and reduce mortality risk. Given the variability in recommendations, the importance of individualized nutritional strategies is emphasized, considering the metabolic and clinical characteristics of each patient. Further research is needed to establish standardized guidelines to optimize nutritional support and clinical outcomes in HF patients.