Déficits de desenvolvimento motor em recém-nascidos prematuros: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity is a risk factor for the development of newborns, considering that general immaturity can lead to compromised maturation processes of systems and organs, which can lead to delays in the executive functions of neuromotor skills. Despite care incentives for preterm babies, studies reveal that adequate assistance in Primary Health Care does not follow the expected sequence during their acquisition of motor repertoire as referenced in the Children's Handbook. Objective: Map deficits in motor development in premature newborns monitored in Primary Health Care. Methodology: Scope review that used the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, through the P (population) C (concept) strategy ) and C (context), based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SCR) checklist. The Cinahl, Web of science, BDenf, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus and Scielo databases were consulted, all accessed through the CAPES portal, with search terms: premature newborn, motor skills disorders and follow-up (primary health care). Results: 5,570 references were found, after applying search terms, associated with filters and languages. Based on the criteria, 40 writings were read in full, 23 of these did not answer the research question and 17 were included in the proposed review scenario. Discussion: Publications related to premature newborns focus on changes in age (3, 6, 8 and 12 months) that present periods of greater variability in neuromotor activities. The findings express warning signs for gross motor elements that better reflect the general condition of the premature baby. In the investigations, four screening tools were predominant, but it is important to highlight the legitimacy of the Development Surveillance Instrument (DIV) in several evidences of motor deficits monitored in basic health units. Conclusion: The study's analyzes point to weaknesses in the evaluation services of preterm newborns in their general condition, since the immature promoting areas, when not correctly evaluated, demonstrated late inabilities. Some studies do not report in detail how development risks are measured in primary health care, but measure acute events through limited records in the Children's Handbook, which reveals weaknesses in primary care monitoring.