Fatores maternos, neonatais e assistenciais relacionados à prematuridade em unidade neonatal de cuidados intensivos e intermediários

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the association between prematurity and maternal, neonatal, and care-related aspects of patients treated in a neonatal intensive and intermediate care unit. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study utilized secondary data from 181 medical records to evaluate the relationship between prematurity and maternal, neonatal, and care-related factors. The study was conducted in a Neonatal Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit at a University Hospital in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, during March and April 2024. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and association tests, with a 5% significance level. Results: Prematurity was strongly associated with the need for intensive support, such as mechanical ventilation and CPAP. Maternal factors, including age and clinical conditions, significantly influenced neonatal outcomes. The study also highlighted the role of delivery type and the importance of care interventions, such as the use of antenatal corticosteroids. Discussion: The findings emphasize the importance of evidence-based preventive strategies and care interventions to improve neonatal outcomes and reduce complications. Conclusions: The research underscores the need for public policies that promote maternal and neonatal health and the appropriate use of care practices. It contributes to informing protocols and guiding preventive actions in neonatology.