Sistemática e taxonomia de fungos gasteroides (Basidiomycota) na Amazônia Meridional, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon Rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, with high biodiversity of organisms. In relation to fungi, mainly the gasteroids, this biodiversity is little known. Gasteroid fungi belong to the phylum Basidiomycota. They are recognized by the maturation of basidiospores inside the basidioma and by the passive release of spores. The Amazonian domain in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, is located in a region known as "deforestation arc", where the agricultural frontier advances towards the forests. This region encompasses the highest rates of deforestation along the entire Amazonian domain. This corroborates the urgency of research establishment in the region, both to exploit this little-known biodiversity and to delineate effective conservation strategies. This work aims to investigate gastrophobic fungi species in forest areas in the state of Mato Grosso, through taxonomic studies of collected specimens and bibliographic review. During the rainy season of 2017 and 2018 (February and March, respectively), field trips were made to collect the basidiomas at the study areas. The basidiomas were photographed, described and illustrated macro- and microscopically. The data obtained are 14 species of the genus Geastrum, Cyathus, Lycoperdon, Phallus and Xylophallus. From the species identified, two Geastrum species are a new species and and Geastrum pusillipilosum, G.albonigrum, G.entomophilum, G.javanicum, G.schweinitzii, G. rusticum, G.javanicum, G.triplex, Lycoperdon fuligineum, Phallus indusiatus, Cyathus amazonicus and Xylophallus xylogenus constitute new records for the State of Mato Grosso. G. pusillipilosum and G. rusticum are new records for the Amazonian domain.