A teoria do estado e da democracia: uma análise comparativa em Émile Durkheim e Max Weber

Abstract

This monograph is the result of a bibliographical analysis focusing on the political concepts of State and Democracy for Émile Durkheim and Max Weber. Thus, the aim of this study is to present these concepts and subsequently compare them. In this sense, the theoretical contributions for this work include Durkheim's work "Lessons in Sociology," as well as the works "Economy and Society" volumes 1 and 2, and "Politics as a Vocation" by Max Weber. In addition to this, the investigation involves various works by different interpreters, such as Alvaro Bianchi, Carlos Eduardo Freitas, Carlos Eduardo Sell, and Márcio de Oliveira. Therefore, the results obtained in this study point to a partial divergence between the presented theses. Based on Durkheim's theses, it is possible to characterize the relationship between the State and society as beneficial for both sides. However, in Weber's theory of domination, this relationship is conflictual, as it is exercised through violent domination. Nevertheless, concerning contributions related to democracy, it is possible to indicate a proximity between the theories, as both authors view it positively. The final consideration of this research highlights the divergences in the theory of the State for Durkheim and Weber, emphasizing, however, that they approach a positive conception of democracy.