Biologia populacional do caranguejo goiamum (Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828) em áreas com diferentes perfis de uso e ocupação de reserva extrativista marinha

Abstract

Extractive Reserves are conservation units whose objective is to guarantee the sustainable use of natural resources by traditional extractive populations. The Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve is located in the estuary of the Goiana river, on the border of the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, and involves areas of Atlantic forest, restinga, mangroves and apicums, being an important supplier of fishery resources such as Goiamum (Cardisoma guanhumi LATREILLE, 1828). The goiamum inhabits mainly the transition areas between the mangroves and areas of forest or restinga, known as apicuns. Due to the intense fishing exploitation and the marked degradation of its occurrence, C. guanhumi has been included in the list of endangered species, which imposes a series of restrictions of use and management measures aimed at the recovery of the populations and their habitat. Thus, the present work aims to analyze the population and fishing dynamics of the species, comparing areas of family farming (very common in the reserve) and preserved areas, aiming to subsidize effective management measures for the species in a territory with multiple anthropic activities. To date, 1619 burrows were sampled in the area and 500 animals were analyzed in the laboratory. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two sampled areas in relation to the abundance of occupied burrows (ꭓ² = 12,929, df = 3, p <0.01), as well as in the carapace width - CW (ꭓ² = 1,186, df = 1, p <0.001) and weight (ꭓ² = 34,950, df = 1, p <0.001) of the subjects. However, there were no differences in burrow densities, abundance of empty burrows, moulting, and captured animals. There was also no difference in gonadal maturity size, LCxPeso ratio and condition factor between areas of agriculture and preserved areas. C. guanhumi is a generalist species, able to survive in environments altered by humans. However, management measures are necessary in relation to the zoning of agricultural activities, as well as the techniques and types of cultivation, which minimize the suppression of habitats and allow a greater growth and conservation of the species.