Arquitetura de microsserviços para aplicações escaláveis e resilientes em internet das coisas

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative paradigm, connecting smart devices and collecting data on an unprecedented scale. Its wide adoption has driven the search for architectures that are not only efficient, but also scalable, to face the challenges inherent to this dynamic scenario. Although current monolithic middlewares demonstrate competence in handling considerable volumes of data, the growing application of IoT in critical environments, such as healthcare, demands a higher level of resilience and scalability. The complex nature of these environments requires systems capable of handling a variety of data in real time, while offering reliability and adaptability to sudden changes, ensuring continuous operability even in adverse circumstances. In this context, there is a need for more flexible and modular architectures that can distribute data processing in an optimized way, increasing not only efficiency in general, but also the ability to respond to critical events. In this work, we have designed and analysed the use of a microservices architecture as a solution to these requirements. In it, data processing is divided between multiple instances of services deployed in virtual containers and coordinated through messaging. To prove its efficiency, a prototype was implemented using all the technologies proposed in its planning. Tests were conducted on both fronts: HTTP requests and MQTT requests. In the first case, the scalability analysis showed that the system scales optimally, by increasing the number of instances as its input load also increases. In the second, tests varying message sending rates revealed that the system is capable of satisfying maximum latency requirements in critical environments even for very high sending rates.