Construção de protótipo de aplicativo móvel para auxiliar no autocuidado de pessoas com estomias intestinais

Abstract

Living with an intestinal ostomy negatively affects aspects related to self-care. Several tools can be used to assist in the education of people with stomata, with emphasis on the use of technologies such as mobile devices. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a mobile application prototype as a tool to assist in self-care for people with intestinal ostomy. This is a methodological study in the technological innovation modality, which was based on the Design Science Research methodology, operationalized through four stages: problem identification and motivation; definition of the objectives of a solution; design and development; demonstration. In the first stage, it was identified as a problem the difficulties in self-care that people with intestinal ostomy experience. In the second stage, the objective of the prototype to help people with stomas with regard to self-care was defined, for this purpose, a scoping review was carried out, in order to map the self-care recommendations for people with intestinal ostomy, guided by the framework of the Nursing Theory of Self-Care Deficit, adapted from Orem, carried out from August to September 2020. Scoping was carried out in eight databases and six portals of gray literature, in order to compose the content of the prototype and followed o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews. The third stage involved the elaboration of the prototype screens, in which the requirements were surveyed during the months of September to November 2020 and the content, layout, language and functionalities of the prototype were defined. The fourth and final stage dealt with the initial tests of the high-fidelity prototype for corrections. Thus, the results of the study referring to scoping showed a total of 14,318 preliminary studies and, after the selection and refinement process, a sample of 83 was obtained, of which 74 were articles, eight dissertations and one thesis. The recommendations for self-care were categorized into the following themes: care for the stoma and peristomal skin; hygiene, exchange and emptying of the collector; nutrition; stomach and peristomal complications; collectors and adjuvants; leisure and physical activities; and, sexuality and body image. The most frequent categories were “care for the stoma and peristomal skin” and “collectors and adjuvants” (63.8% each). The self-care recommendations were organized to compose the content of the prototype, which in its final version, resulted in 36 screens, distributed in the menus: registration and registration; food; care; types of stomas; self care; laws; curiosities; contacts; and, help us to know you. Among the features, we highlight the availability of various information about self-care, a resource for storing daily information, as well as pictures of the ostomy in the “my records” icon. The “care” section has interactive animations about the types of ostomy and care. The section “help us to get to know you better” contains questions about the person's profile and offers answers to clarifications on the subject. The “contact” icon offers the ability to send questions to researchers. It is concluded that the prototype was successfully developed and has important resources for teaching self-care, being able to help people with stomas in learning about stoma care, as well as professionals in the health education process for this population.