Lesão por pressão em pacientes na posição prona durante tratamento da covid-19: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) brought a health emergency reaching countries around the world, with the unfolding of the declaration of a pandemic. In this regard, one of the complications of the disease is pneumonia with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which can be improved with the prone position of patients during treatment. However, this therapy can be a facilitator for the appearance of pressure injuries. Objective: To describe the relationship between the development of pressure injuries and prone positioning in patients affected by covid-19. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature in the databases PubMed/Medline, BVS, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases, resulting in 223 studies, of which 20 were selected to compose the sample. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results and Discussion: The use of the prone position was mainly in intensive care units, with an average duration of 12 to 39 hours. The most frequently reached region was the face, while the most reported stage was 2. As well as the largest triggering factor was the prolonged prone position. Conclusion: The prone position for the treatment of patients with covid-19 is still a new approach due to the short time since the onset of the disease. However, the findings show a direct relationship between prolonged prone position and the appearance of pressure injuries, at different stages, and also pressure injuries related to medical devices, due to the use of devices common to critically ill patients in intensive care.