Avaliação dos parâmetros de pirólise na capacidade de adsorção pelo biocarvão obtido da torta de cártamo

Abstract

One of the problems currently faced is the risk of contamination of water and effluents through waste containing toxic metals, especially metals such as lead, cadmium and zinc. Regardless of the amount of contaminants present in the water, they cause a negative impact both in the environmental scenario and directly affect human health, causing physiological problems such as those of the respiratory and renal tracts and genetic alterations, as well as imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. According to the above problem, it is necessary to develop research focusing on the removal of these metals. A desirable alternative is the production of environmentally compatible porous materials, with a viable and efficient obtainment for removal through adsorption. Several types of solid materials can be used as adsorbents, some critical points are evaluated in their choice, such as their porous structure, which directly interferes with diffusion, reflects the surface area of the solid, directly influencing the adsorption rate. One of the forms of production of the desired porous material is the slow pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials, since the main product obtained through this is biochar, in which the conditions to which the biomass is subjected directly affect its structure and physical-chemical characteristics. . The research in question deals with the production of biochar originating from safflower cake after oil extraction, the execution of the reaction was carried out through the process of slow pyrolysis, submitted in a reactor with an inert atmosphere free of oxygen, with a focus on the evaluation of the yields of the product obtained under variable conditions determined via Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), in addition to characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) and Electron Microscopy techniques scanning (SEM). With the biochar obtained from pyrolysis, it was possible to apply this material to carry out the adsorption process for the removal of toxic metals present in produced water from oil wells, where the produced water had its metals quantified before and after treatment with the porous material using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique. Presenting favorable results with removal rates above 90%, thus showing that the adsorption method using biochar from safflower cake after oil extraction is an effective sorbent material for removing toxic metals such as lead, cadmium and zinc from produced water .