Vitamina A no leite materno e fatores associados: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Systematize information available in the literature on the composition of retinol in human milk and associated factors. This is an integrative literature review in the databases Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, Portal de Periódicos CAPES and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). The descriptors used in the research were “human milk (human milk)” AND “retinol (retinol)” where observational studies were prioritized, with retinol data and prevalence of adequacy in breast milk. Initially, 1,216 articles were obtained and 25 publications were selected between the years 1997 and 2022, where the majority were research carried out in Brazil (60%, n = 15), with a cross-sectional study design (96%, n = 24), with a number of milk samples analyzed between 18 - 433, the majority being mature milk (76%, n = 19). The prevalence of vitamin A (DVA) in milk varied between 0 - 100%, found mainly in South American and Asian countries. The concentration of retinol in colostrum ranged from 55.6 to 334 μg/dL, in transitional milk from 99.4 to 208 μg/dL and in mature milk from 28.38 to 116 μg/dL, being the variables that most affected retinol levels: the milk phase, gestational age at delivery and parity. The selected studies demonstrated that the retinol composition of milk is variable mainly due to milk phase, gestational age at delivery and parity. However, there was a lack of cohort studies that evaluated the follow-up of lactation and some conflicts between the level of significance of the variables studied, suggesting that more studies with adequate design are needed to evaluate the composition of retinol in milk.