Recomendações para a coleta de gasometria arterial na terapia intensiva: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Objective: To map the recommendations for arterial blood gas collection in the intensive care unit among nursing professionals within the care process. Method: This is a scoping review conducted between February and April 2024, covering 14 information sources. Additionally, UpToDate and the Pager strategy were highlighted to enhance the quality and scope of this review. Results: Fourteen studies were identified, with the greatest geographical distribution in Europe and North America (29%). The highlighted recommendations include: the radial artery as the predominant puncture site, an angulation of 30º to 45º, the use of 1 mL or 3 mL syringes, 20G and/or 23G needles, dry heparin use, and aspiration of approximately 0.5 mL to 1 mL of blood. For pain management, subcutaneous analgesia and cryoanalgesia were emphasized. Among the observed impacts were anxiety, fear, and the absence of specialized protocols. Conclusion: The main critical points were identified in the pre-analytical phase, and innovative tools such as cryoanalgesia and mepivacaine can be used prior to the procedure to support practice, strengthen research, and promote safe and high-quality care for critically ill patients.