Morando perto do shopping: uma análise sobre atratividade espacial

Abstract

After a longer period of time, in which the State assumed the role of constructor through the implementation of housing estates, it can be said that most of the dwellings today are built by private initiative in the main brazilian cities. In this context, spatial location assumes a determining role. The search for accessibility and urban mobility places the geographical proximity to the main urban facilities as one of the main externalities of neighborhood sought by the housing consumer and offered by the promoters. In this regard, shopping centers stands out as important economic and spatial elements, concentrating a significant part of the commerce and services of urban areas. It is assumed, in principle, that there is a convergence between these two activities and, after installation of shopping centers, they become attractive to residential projects. The aim of this study is to conduct a spatial analysis, using resources of the Geographic Information System (GIS), about multifamily vertical housing distribution, built under the real estate development system, around the majorshopping centers of the city during the years 1990 to 2017. It is proposed to relate the location of shopping centers with real estate development in Natal, seeking to characterize this phenomenon, in the surroundings of these facilities, through variables like quantity of enterprises, quantity of housing units and quantity of area. It was tried to recognize an attractiveness radius, a possible area that was influenced by construction of shopping centers; quantify real estate development before and after installation of shopping centers; and, as a consequence, identify the needy areas of shopping centers. The results indicate that spatial attractiveness can occur in both cases, resulting almost always is an excess of concentration in certain zones of the city. This excess of concentration implies in deficiency in another areas, that may undergo devaluation.