Prevalência de microrganismos isolados em pacientes diabéticos a partir de lesões dos membros inferiores: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Diabetic foot wounds or ulcers are one of the complications that can affect individuals with Diabetes Mellitus when there is not adequate control of the disease. These ulcers can be infected by microorganisms and, if not properly treated, lead to the selection of resistant strains of bacteria and consequent limb amputation. This review seeks to analyze the literature published between the years 2019 and 2023 about the prevalence of microorganisms isolated in diabetic patients from lower limb injuries as well as the profile of the most affected patients. 1,000 articles were found after applying the search filters and 12 were selected for review. The 2020 PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta-analysis reports was used as a framework. The people most affected by ulcers were men aged between 50 and 70, and the most affected region was the forefoot. Polymicrobial infections and those with the presence of gram-negative bacteria were the most predominant, as both factors are directly related to the severity and chronicity of ulcers. Despite this, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high rate of resistant microorganisms has emerged and has become a cause for concern in all countries. Although a certain profile of individuals affected by diabetic foot complications is noted, as well as a greater prevalence of certain microorganisms, epidemiological knowledge of each region and resistance patterns are crucial for increasingly effective treatments.