Unidade de educação infantil na zona bioclimática 07: proposta arquitetônica baseada na adequação de um projeto-padrão da rede pública

Abstract

This work presents a technical report and design proposal for a public early childhood education unit (ECEU) tailored to the semi-arid climate of Zone 7 (ABNT, 2005). The project aims to adapt the standardized Type C design from the Brazilian Ministry of Education's Proinfância Program, considering the specific needs of municipalities in the Northeast region that lack technical expertise for project modifications. The research begins with a theoretical and conceptual exploration of school architecture and environmental comfort. Subsequently, the Type C standard design is evaluated in terms of thermal, lighting, and acoustic comfort, focusing on the classroom. This evaluation is based on relevant standards, including NBR 15220-3, NBR 15575, NBR 5413, and INI-C. Drawing from references and studies, the project proposes modifications to the standard design, resulting in a more adaptable model for implementation in the studied region. The proposed ECEU occupies a 1575 m² (35m x 45m) plot, is single-story, and has a total area of 789 m2, including five classrooms. The structure is made of concrete, the walls are made of masonry, the roof is made of thermoacoustic tiles supported by a metal structure, and several protective layers made of brick meshes are used to reduce internal temperature. The possibility of access from all facades and the entrance marked by a large portico facilitate proper implementation in relation to solar radiation. To test the proposal in a concrete situation, a preliminary design for an ECEU in the city of Riacho de Santana/RN, located in the western region of the state, is also developed.