Aplicação de biotécnicas para monitoramento e controle do ciclo estral de espécies silvestres do bioma caatinga

Abstract

The objective of the present thesis was to apply biotechnologies in monitoring and control the estrous cycle of wild species of the caatinga biome, as a tool for improving the management in captivity, as well as conservation or multiplication of these species. The thesis was divided into three experiments. The first was realized the monitoring of the estrous cycle in armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) by different monitoring methods, which was observed estrous cycle with duration of 23.5 ± 3.12 days, a follicular phase 8.8 ± 1.4 days and luteal phase of 15.62 ± 2.1 days. In the follicular phase were observed vaginal bloody discharge, vulvar edema, presence of mucus and ease of introduction of swab, with peak estrogen 240.66 ± 12.69 pg / ml and predominance of superficial cells in the vaginal cytology, with follicles observed by ovarian ultrasound. In the luteal phase was observed absence of bloody discharge and difficulty of introducing the swab, besides the increase in progesterone levels (10.83 ± 1.86 ng / ml) and corpus luteum viewing by ultrasound. In the second experiment, two protocols for induction and estrus synchronization were tested in agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina). The first consisted in the administration of two doses of cloprostenol (5μg) with nine-day interval; and the second, in the administration of 30 mcg GnRH analogue, followed by cloprostenol administration (5μg) after seven days and a new dose of GnRH analogue (30μg) after two days. There was no statistical difference between the protocols tested (P=0.1490). However, the isolated prostaglandin promoted estrus induction in 40% of females, 3 to 6 days, and cloprostenol and GnRH associations, 60% females, 4 and 10 days after last dose, with peak estrogen 19.95 ± 2,41pg / ml and 9.67 ± 1,8pg / ml, respectively. In both treatments, these females showed estrous external characteristics as opening and hyperemia vulvar, vaginal mucus and easy penetration swab. The third experiment was to compare the efficiency of two protocols for estrous synchronization and to adapt the artificial insemination (AI) in collared peccary females (Pecari tajacu), which was carried out after identification and to appliction the most effective method of synchronization. The first protocol was based on the dual administration of cloprostenol (120μg) with nine-day interval, and the second, in the association of 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and 200 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a single dose. For IA, females were synchronized with eCG and hCG association. All females exhibited estrus. With the use of cloprostenol, females exhibited estrus nine days after the last drug application, and with use of the association, after six days. After the realization of AI, were not observed embryos by ultrasound. However, two females showed increased uterine with presence of anechogenic fluid in the lumen, and high levels of progesterone 30 to 60 days after the last IA (67.08 ± 16.85 ng / mL and 73.42 ± 22.59 ng / ml, respectively). Thus, as the general conclusion, the monitoring of ovarian activity in armadillos as well as the induction and synchronization in agouti and peccaries, allow the use of these biotechnologies in large scale, facilitating the management of these species in captivity.