Contribuições da compra direta da agricultura familiar para alimentação escolar sobre a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil

Abstract

Introduction: The Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) is one of the oldest programs in Brazil in the area of Food and Nutrition Security in Brazil (FNS) and with a significant number of students attended, which makes it important to evaluate the implementation and impacts of this program. Objective: to evaluate the contributions of the direct purchase of food from family agriculture to the PNAE on FNS in Brazil. Method: This is an evaluative research, using secondary data, in which different methods were carried out: integrative literature review; spatial correlation to know the spatial distribution of food purchase from family agriculture and purchase trend in the years studied; and third a descriptive analysis of the deficit of stature and the percentage of resources used in the purchase of food from family agriculture with analysis through the t test for independent samples, and multivariate analysis carried out through multiple linear regression with 95% significance. Results: the main contributions of the purchase of food from family agriculture for school feeding on the FNS reported were the access to diversified food, mostly in natura, minimally processed and organic; the formation of local food production and distribution markets bringing the consumer and the small producer closer together; the access to food with better nutritional and hygienic sanitary quality; and the incentive to promote healthy eating habits. Already related to the panorama of the use of PNAE resources for the acquisition of food from family agriculture, the percentage of municipalities that comply with the legal requirement rose from 34.3% in 2013 to 43.7% in 2016, with the largest number of municipalities in the southern region of the country with 72.5%, while only 26.1% in the Midwest, 27.4% in the North and 31.6% in the Northeast. The South region stands out when compared to the others (p = < 0.001). The trend analysis of the union's annual budget resources showed an average growth of 30.8% (CI = 13.2-51.1), but there was a decline in the use of the resources between 2015 and 2016. When evaluating the difference in averages between the purchases and the deficit of stature in under five years there was a statistically significant difference in the deficit of stature in the municipalities that used < 30% and ≥30%, with a difference of 1.47 percentage points. As well, in the multiple analysis it was found that the variables with independent effect on the stature deficit in children under five years of age, besides the purchase of food from family agriculture, were the Human Development Index, Gini Index, illiteracy rate and proportion of extremely poor children. The linear regression model showed that for each percentage point of increase in the use of resources for the purchase of food from family agriculture to the PNAE by the municipality there will be, on average, a decrease of 0.55% in the prevalence of the deficit of stature, independent of the other variables. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the purchase of food from family agriculture for the PNAE in Brazil promoted the improvement of the FSN in its different dimensions and contributed to reducing the prevalence of stature deficit in children under five years.