Programação, problema e síntese do projeto arquitetônico: uma análise dos Trabalhos de Conclusão dos Mestrados Profissionais na área de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do Brasil

Abstract

The elaboration of a project – like the construction of a building – is a complex task and requires the architect to have certain control over all the activities involved in the process. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the architectural program as a guiding element for design decisions as well as the results of various investigations into the needs, available budget, desires and intentions of users, allowing the designer to expand their perceptions and the possibilities of solutions in the addressing project issues. The program and the delimitation of problems are implemented in the architectural programming stage. This context converged with the general objective of the research, which aims to analyze architectural programming, as well as the approaches and resources used in formulating the problem and developing the needs program. It starts from the understanding that the construction of problems, in the design process, occurs through an in-depth analysis of the context in which the project will be inserted, without necessarily using programming methods as a basis. To achieve the objectives, the research is divided into two axes of approach: the first uses the quantitative-qualitative analysis of texts as a methodological strategy, that is, how each architect positions themselves in their final works (TC) in relation to architectural programming , the program and the problems (analysis). The second axis is dedicated to the qualitative analysis of the project, aiming to understand how it responds to problems. The panorama observed in the first axis of the research demonstrates that the majority of Brazilian professional master's degree production does not mention or use programming methods, however, they use different approaches to formulate problems. With regard to the specific analyzes carried out in six final works, it was observed that the construction of problems is not limited to predominantly functional aspects and there are countless relationships visualized between the problems and the answers given by the architectural project, so that a solution addresses more than one problem and each problem can have more than one type of solution. The observed facts corroborate the understanding that designing is a systemic and cyclical activity and each of the decisions made by the architect influences the entire architectural project.