Análise da frequência microbiana e perfil antimicrobiano de hemoculturas positivas de laboratório particular em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Abstract

BSIs (Bloodstream Infections) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is closely linked to mortality reduction, and because of this, the most advanced, reliable, and quick laboratory diagnosis is an indispensable method. Blood culture is considered the gold standard for BSI diagnosis, and is essential for microbiological analysis of the blood, allowing the identification of the agent and the susceptibility tests to antimicrobials, helping the professional towards antibiotic therapy. This study proposed to determine the frequency and resistance profile of positive blood cultures bacterial isolates from a private laboratory located in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. This is a cross-sectional, analytical, non-parametric and retrospective study performed with results of positive blood cultures for some microorganism, analyzed in the period from January 01, 2021 to January 31, 2022. A descriptive analysis was performed, which the frequency of positive blood cultures, the bacterial species isolated, and their respective resistance profiles were calculated. During the period studied, 9.08% of blood cultures were positive for growth of some microorganism. Of this value, 50.26% corresponded to Gram negative bacteria, 42.32% to Gram positive, and 7.40% to yeasts. Of the most prevalent bacterial isolates, the negative coagulase Staphylococcus group corresponded to 23.57%, and the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species, 13.14% and 12.57%, respectively. Gram positives showed the highest resistance to Erythromycin (61.64%), followed by Oxacillin (60.56%) and Clindamycin (52.70%). Gram negative bacteria showed the highest resistance to Ampicillin-sulbactam (56.81%), followed by Ceftriaxone (42.86%) and Ciprofloxacin (39.32%). Thus, the importance of this type of study is the possibility of using antibiotics that are more effective in blood cultures and their use in emergency cases, besides allowing the knowledge of resistance patterns and the most frequent microorganisms in a certain place, avoiding unnecessary costs and deaths that could be avoided with a fast and efficient diagnosis.