Modelagem de decisão multicritério na implementação de soluções baseadas na natureza em cidades sustentáveis: uma revisão sistemática da literatura.

Abstract

The risk of natural disasters has been increasing year after year according to information from the United Nations, and considering that most of the world's population lives in urban areas, it is important to think of ways to mitigate possible impacts from different perspectives and objectives in the best possible way, considering that these areas, in general, do not have the same capacity to resist bad weather as regions that maintain their original vegetation characteristics, for example. This work aims to review the literature, therefore, what the works say related to the application of multicriteria decision methods as a tool to support risk management, used to mitigate possible consequences of natural disasters with the perspective of using nature-based solutions. To this end, a bibliographic search was carried out on the Web of Science platform, narrowing the results so that they were consistent with the searched topic. The method used consists of identifying the research questions, identifying the relevant studies, selecting the studies, mapping and collecting the data, and summarizing and reporting the results. From this, it was possible to analyze that there is a growing number of productions on this topic, as well as to evaluate certain characteristics, verifying the occurrence network of the keywords, the main problems studied, methods and rationality, main criteria chosen, natural disasters and most frequent nature-based solution techniques. The results indicate that already known multicriteria methods are being used by the majority of the selected works, especially the AHP and its combinations, which corroborates the very high volume of articles that use models with compensatory rationality. Furthermore, the main criteria worked on consist of: social, economic and environmental benefits; resistance to floods; reliability; resilience; soil characteristics and water availability. When talking about NBS, green infrastructures are predominant, followed by blue and gray (often used together). Finally, this study may be able to encourage the public initiative to develop strategic plans based on multicriteria methods for reducing natural disasters, contributing to the implementation of risk and disaster reduction policies that are part of the sustainable development goals.