Uso da estimulação elétrica transcraniana para a ansiedade em pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista: protocolo de ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects social communication, social interaction, and other cognitive and behavioral functions. It is often associated with anxiety disorders, which worsen the quality of life and functionality of these individuals. The combination of ASD and anxiety leads to unique characteristics that can result in more intense and disabling symptoms. There is a lack of studies investigating safe and effective treatments for this population. In this context, Transcranial Electric Stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential as a safe intervention for anxiety in the general population, and this study aims to evaluate its efficacy in treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in autistic individuals. Methodology: This is a randomized, parallel, double-blind, single-center clinical trial with two groups: active stimulation and sham. Participants will undergo five tDCS sessions over one week (one session per weekday), with a continuous current of 2mA for 20 minutes. Assessments will be conducted before treatment, at the end of the fifth session, one week later, and 21 days after the intervention. The primary outcome will be the analysis of tDCS effects on anxiety in autistic individuals with GAD, using questionnaires. Secondary outcomes will include the evaluation of stress, affectivity (positive and negative), screening for alexithymia symptoms, and possible adverse effects, with statistical analysis through mixed ANOVA. Expected Results/Conclusion: It is expected that by the end of the treatment, the group receiving active stimulation will show clinically significant improvements, evidenced by changes in the scores of measurement instruments, which will be reflected in their daily lives compared to the control group