Avaliação da sobrecarga dos cuidadores de pessoas com doença de Parkinson participantes de grupo terapêutico: estudo observacional

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, compromising patients' autonomy, increasing their dependence in advanced stages. Caregiving falls on family members and caregivers, generating significant burden. Objective: Describe the level of burden and associated factors experienced by caregivers of individuals with PD participating in a therapeutic group in Natal, RN, Brazil. Methodology: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Physical Therapy, UFRN, with 5 caregivers of individuals with PD participating in the AGruPar therapeutic project. Data was collected in-person and online using instruments such as the PDCB and Zarit Scale to assess caregiver burden, as well as a questionnaire on barriers to physical therapy care. Analysis used descriptive statistics to characterize caregivers and identify factors associated with burden and difficulties faced. Results: 5 female caregivers of individuals with PD were recruited by the AGruPar Project. Aged between 40 and 72 years, most were married (40%) and had higher education (60%). They reported moderate burden on the PDCB scale (mean of 40.8) and Zarit scale (mean of 27.8). Barriers such as difficulties with physical tasks, for example, "getting in and out of the car" (60%), highlighted the challenges of caregiving. Although the slow progression of PD reduces the immediate impact, caregivers face significant emotional strain, reinforcing the need for professional support and strategies to mitigate the burden. Conclusion: The burden experienced by caregivers of individuals with PD is multifaceted, involving physical, emotional, and social challenges. This study identified a moderate level of burden, influenced by caregivers' age, comorbidities, and emotional bond with patients. Although the slow progression of the disease minimizes immediate impacts, the emotional burden remains significant. Daily barriers, such as difficulties with physical and social activities, highlight the need for professional support and coping strategies. Appropriate interventions are essential to reduce the negative effects of burden and consider caregivers as a vital part of rehabilitation.