A juventude perdida no Brasil: desigualdades socioeconômicas e espaciais na mortalidade de jovens por violência

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the mortality of young people due to violence in Brazil, considering important socioeconomic and spatial indicators for this analysis. This is an ecological study in the 482 in the Immediate Regions of Urban Articulation (RIAU) of Brazil. The spatial distribution of violent deaths, intensity and significance were assessed using the Global and Local Moran index, their correlation with socioeconomic variables, and the Years of Life Lost (YLL) indicator for the period from 2001 to 2015 for five years. There were 425,180 deaths of young people due to violence in Brazil. Deaths were obtained in a secondary way from the Mortality Information System and the socioeconomic indicators of UNDP. The RIAUs that presented the highest Standardized Mortality Rates from 2001 to 2005 were: Foz do Iguaçu (48.45 deaths/ 100 thousand young people), Recife (42.26 deaths/ 100 thousand young people) and Vitória (37.18 deaths/ 100 thousand young people); from 2006 to 2010: Foz do Iguaçu (48.12 deaths/ 100 thousand young people), Maceió (43.95 deaths/ 100 thousand young people) and Porto Seguro (40.40 deaths/ 100 thousand young people). From 2011 to 2015: São Miguel dos Campos - AL (53.29 deaths/ 100 thousand young people), Porto Seguro - BA (48.74 deaths/ 100 thousand young people) and Maceió - AL (45.13 deaths/ 100 thousand young people). The Moran Global test pointed to a pattern of spatial dependence in the distribution of rates for the north, northeast and southeast regions. These deaths resulted in a loss of YLL of 6,435,042.5 years in the first period, 6,494,960 years in the second and 7,216,005 in the third. The mean age of death is at 22 years of age, resulting in a mean PWL/ death of 47 years. The ratio of YLL to sex ratio was 15.09 from 2001 to 2005 and from 15.22 from 2011 to 2015. Male overmortality is observed for all quinquennia, as well as for the black population, compared to the white population. The bivariate analysis showed that, among the 9 selected socioeconomic indicators, all correlated significantly with the RIAU Standardized Mortality Rate (p <0.05). It is concluded that violence mortality is unevenly distributed in the immediate regions, forming clusters in the north, northeast and southeast of the country. Although with a weak correlation with the socioeconomic factors, there was an unequal distribution in the territory, as well as differentials of YLL by sex and race/ color.