Influência do ambiente enriquecido no envelhecimento: uma revisão

Abstract

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon accompanied by functional and structural changes that negatively impact cognition, behavior, and neural integrity. However, growing evidence suggests that such impairments can be mitigated through non-pharmacological environmental interventions. Among these approaches, environmental enrichment (EE) stands out as a structured provision of physical, sensory, social, and cognitive stimuli capable of enhancing neural plasticity and preserving brain function throughout life. This review aimed to compile and analyze relevant studies linking EE to the aging process, considering findings from both human and animal models. Approximately 80 scientific publications were examined, demonstrating that EE induces significant improvements in behavioral and neurobiological parameters, particularly in rodents. Nevertheless, methodological challenges such as the lack of standardized protocols and the multifactorial nature of EE hinder the reproducibility and translation of findings to clinical contexts. Therefore, future research should prioritize the development of more consistent experimental models and translational strategies to consolidate EE as a promising tool for promoting healthier and more functional aging.